img

Coprosma menziesii

A.Gray (1860)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Gentianales Family: Rubiaceae Genus: Coprosma

hupilo, pilo

img

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Many-branched, diffuse shrubs or small trees, occasionally scandent.

Stems: Stems 2–4 (–6) m long, lateral branches ascending to widely spreading, youngest ones sparsely to densely puberulent.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades elliptic–ovate to ovate or oblanceolate to occasionally obovate, 18–60 mm long, 12–25 mm wide. Apex acute to rounded and inconspicuously mucronulate. Base attenuate to cuneate. Upper surfaces glabrous except coarsely puberulent along lower portion of midrib, sometimes completely glabrous; lower surfaces glabrous. Margins entire. Pinnately veined. Petioles 3–10 mm long, upper surface puberulent. Stipules broadly deltate, 1.8–3 mm long, connate 1⁄2–⅔ their length, margins short–ciliate, apex abruptly short–acuminate, with a small appendage more or less surrounded by a tuft of hairs, occasionally with 2 smaller lateral appendages, base puberulent.

Flowers: Flowers 1-4, 5-7-merous, peduncles 1.5–15 mm long, coarsely puberulent or glabrous. Flowers unisexual, dioecious, often heterostylous; insect-pollinated. Calyx of staminate flowers cup-shaped, ca. 0.4–0.6 mm long, the teeth whitish ciliate; pistillate flowers with Calyx cup-shaped, ca. 0.4– 0.8 mm long, the teeth usually whitish ciliate. Corolla of staminate flowers funnelform, 4–7 mm long, the lobes 3–4 mm long; corolla of pistillate flowers narrowly funnelform, 2.5–4 mm long, the lobes ca. 1–2 mm long; nectary disk usually present. Stamens 4-5(-10), alternate with the corolla lobes, inserted at base of corolla tube; filaments long-exserted; anthers penduous, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior, occasionally partly so, or very rarely superior, 2(-4)-celled; ovule 1 per cell, basal, anatropous; style as many as carpels, 2(-4)lobed, divided nearly to base, terminal, slender; stigmas lobed or capitate, long-exserted, papillose-hirsute, dry or occasionally wet.

Fruit: Fruit drupaceous; juicy; bright orange or yellowish orange; ovoid; 5–6 mm long; apex with persistent calyx teeth; with 2(-4); 1-seeded; planoconvex pyrenes. Seeds with well-developed oily endosperm; or endosperm occasionally scanty or absent.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Mesic forest.

Elevation Range: 270–1220 m. Two specimens that appear to be this species were collected at higher elevations, with the range of C. montana: Degener et al. 20171 (BISH) from 1857 lava flow at Kona, 2,285 m; and Jacobi 1189 (BISH) from Pu‘u Pōhakuloa, 1,685 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

img

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 4: 49 (1860)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1128 (H)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Coprosma menziesii Kau,Niamuka,lava flow Preserved_Specimen Slender erect shrub 8-10 ft Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1957-12-02
2 Coprosma menziesii Volcano of Kilauea Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Hawaii BISH 1908-09-01
3 Coprosma menziesii Kapua, Kona Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 363 Hawaii BISH 1911-07-25
4 Coprosma menziesii Kapua, Kona Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 357 Hawaii BISH 1911-07-25
5 Coprosma menziesii along Kau-Kona road Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 613 Hawaii BISH 1922-09-21
6 Coprosma menziesii Hualalai Preserved_Specimen male Rock, J.F.C. 3504 Hawaii BISH 1909-06-10
7 Coprosma menziesii Kalapana trail Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 660622040 Hawaii BISH 1966-06-22
8 Coprosma menziesii Pauahi Crater, west side; growing next to #717 Preserved_Specimen male flowers Fagerlund, G.O. 718 Hawaii BISH 1943-08-06
9 Coprosma menziesii below Kalapana trail Preserved_Specimen Male(=2936?) Stone, B.C. 2944 Hawaii BISH 1959-06-24
10 Coprosma menziesii along Chain of Craters Rd. ca. 0.3 mi above jct. with rd. to Mauna Ulu Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5280 Hawaii BISH 1984-02-28
11 Coprosma menziesii Hualalai Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 317 Hawaii BISH 1864-01-01
12 Coprosma menziesii Kau, Manuka Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 1934 Hawaii BISH 1926-09-23
13 Coprosma menziesii Just N. of Hoopuloa Road Junction. Small kipuka with old lehua-kolea forest Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 3095 Hawaii BISH 1959-08-13
14 Coprosma menziesii Makaopuhi-Kalapana trail, Hawaii National Park Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 2936 Hawaii BISH 1959-06-24
15 Coprosma menziesii Mount Hualalai,Hinakapauula Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3841 Hawaii BISH 1909-06-11
16 Coprosma menziesii Between W. & E. arms of 1907 flow Dry lava flow Preserved_Specimen shrub 2.5m.tall.fruits orange red Fosberg, V.O. 50 Hawaii BISH 1936-08-10
17 Coprosma menziesii Hilo Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Hawaii BISH 1871-04-01
18 Coprosma menziesii Hualalai Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Hawaii BISH 1928-07-01
19 Coprosma menziesii Near Alika flow Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. Hawaii BISH 1926-01-01
20 Coprosma menziesii Kilauea Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Hawaii BISH 1908-09-01
21 Coprosma menziesii unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17234 BISH 1917-08-01
22 Coprosma menziesii Mount Hualalai,Hinakapauula Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3839 Hawaii BISH 1909-06-11
23 Coprosma menziesii North of Alika Lava Flow Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 11855 Hawaii BISH 1926-08-26
24 Coprosma menziesii Kilauea Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 3311 Hawaii BISH 1938-09-17
25 Coprosma menziesii Pooike Preserved_Specimen Faurie, A. 326 Hawaii BISH 1909-06-01
26 Coprosma menziesii Puuwaawaa cone, transect T9 Native remnant forest in shady gully, north facing slopes. Growing with Pittosporum hosmeri (58222). Preserved_Specimen Shrub. Takeuchi, W.N. 5821 Hawaii BISH 1989-04-01
27 Coprosma menziesii N Kona, Keauhou 2, NW Mauna Loa, 1-3 km E of Lupea Kipuka dry mamane, native trees and shrubs, exotic grass; on pahoehoe Preserved_Specimen 4 m x 5 cm; female flower Warshauer, F.R. 1807 Hawaii BISH 1978-06-14
28 Coprosma menziesii Located down Chain of Craters Road about 9 miles toward Kalapana from intersection with Crater Rim Road; or 6.4 miles from intersection with Hilina Pali Road Metrosideros - Dicranopteris transition community Preserved_Specimen Shrub about 3 feet tall Newell, C.L. 545 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-23
29 Coprosma menziesii Kiolakaa - Keaa Homestead Addition, Kau Forest Reserve Occasional scatteres patches in disturbed Metrosideros forest with uluhe fern and Lycopodium cernuum, also Machaerina spp. Preserved_Specimen Shrub with ascending branches 4-6 ft. tall. Flowers light green. No plants with female flowers or fruits seen. Davis, J. 324 Hawaii BISH 1980-08-13
30 Coprosma menziesii Kau Distr., Kahuku Ahu., Tr 72 (1/2); SW slopes mauna Loa; 4 km S. of Puu Ohohia, 3.5 km W of 1907 W flow Dry `ohi`a forest with mixed native trees and a native shrub and mixed grass understory.; full sun. Uncommon; growing on semi-pahoehoe Preserved_Specimen Shrub, ground-rooted; abundant immature fruit Jacobi, J.D. 1097 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-16
31 Coprosma menziesii Puuwaawaa cone; N-facing slopes of transect T9 native remnant forest in shady gully, with Pittosporum hosmeri 5822, uncommon, not seen elsewhere during survey Preserved_Specimen shrub Takeuchi, W.N. 5821 Hawaii BISH 1989-04-01
32 Coprosma menziesii N Kona Distr., Keauhou 2 Ahu. Tr 56(22); Btwn Mauna Loa & Hualalai, N of puu Keanui & Pohakuloa Dry koa-mamane community with an exotic grass and scattered native shrub understory.; In semi-shade.; Common. Preserved_Specimen 2 cm Bd; ca 2 m. tall; in fruit Jacobi, J.D. 1189 Hawaii BISH 1978-08-10
33 Coprosma menziesii Puuwaawaa cone; N-facing slopes of transect T9 native remnant forest in shady gully, with Pittosporum hosmeri 5822, uncommon, not seen elsewhere during survey Preserved_Specimen shrub Takeuchi, W.N. 5821 Hawaii BISH 1989-04-01
34 Coprosma menziesii Puu Hualalai, Puuwaawaa in woods Preserved_Specimen 15 ft. shrub. St.John, H. 11397 Hawaii BISH 1931-12-29
35 Coprosma menziesii near junction to Milonii [Milolii?] at Hw. 11 understory of Metrosideros forests on mossy lava rocks Preserved_Specimen shrubs of ca. 3 m. with slender branches; male flowers with exserted anthers Kiehn, M. 90081611 Hawaii BISH 1990-06-16
36 Coprosma menziesii Ocean View, S Kona dry aa lava; with Styphelia, Dodonaea Preserved_Specimen 4' shrub Ishikawa, S. 371 Hawaii BISH 1974-10-08
37 Coprosma menziesii Kau, Kiolakaa Homestead Addition Open Metrosideros forest with Cibotium, Clermontia coerulea, Pittosporum, Psychotria, Ilex, and Cyrtandra. Preserved_Specimen Tall shrub 8', flowers green, fruit dark orange. Davis, J. 496 Hawaii BISH 1981-05-27
38 Coprosma menziesii Kapapala Forest Reserve, Kau District In open `Ohi`a - koa parkland with meadow ricegrass and uluhe ground cover. Preserved_Specimen Shrub or small tree 6' tall. Fruit red-orange. Cuddihy, L.W. 930 Hawaii BISH 1981-11-17
39 Coprosma menziesii Kilauea Crater Road only 1 bush Preserved_Specimen bush 6-8 ft. high; berry yellow Meebold, A. Hawaii BISH 1932-05-01
40 Coprosma menziesii within northern part of 1859 lava flow, Kona dry sparsely forested region Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 20171 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-25
41 Coprosma menziesii 27 Miles, Puna Metrosideros-Dicranopteris-Cibotium jungle Preserved_Specimen Twiggy, leafy, symmetrical, 15 ft. tree. Degener, O. 33671 Hawaii BISH 1976-02-03
42 Coprosma menziesii Pauahi Crater - west side Abundant locally in Ohia forest Preserved_Specimen Female flowers; slender shrub climbing to 20 ft. in trees. Fagerlund, G.O. 717 Hawaii BISH 1943-08-06
43 Coprosma menziesii N Kona, Keauhou 2, NW Mauna Loa, 1-3 km E of Lupea Kipuka dry mamane, native trees and shrubs, exotic grass; on pahoehoe Preserved_Specimen 2 m x 4 cm; male flower Warshauer, F.R. 1806 Hawaii BISH 1978-06-14
44 Coprosma menziesii Keauhou Ranch, Kau District Growing in Metrosideros - Acacia koa forest on `a`a substrate. Preserved_Specimen Small tree about 10' tall. Fruit orange. Cuddihy, L.W. 574 Hawaii BISH 1980-09-24
45 Coprosma menziesii Kau, Kiolakaa Homestead Addition Open Metrosideros forest with Cibotium, Clermontia coerulea, Pittosporum, Psychotria, Ilex, and Cyrtandra. Preserved_Specimen Tall shrub 8' tall, flowers green, fruit dark orange. Davis, J. 496 Hawaii BISH 1981-05-27
46 Coprosma menziesii Kau,near Mahukona dry forest Preserved_Specimen Small pyramidal tree 8ft high Rock, J.F.C. 25632 Hawaii BISH 1956-12-06
47 Coprosma menziesii Kapapala Forest Reserve Growing in open Metrosideros foerst with Myoporum, Coprosma spp., Styphelia, and Vaccinium. Preserved_Specimen Tree 15' tall, no mature fruit present. Davis, J. 547 Hawaii BISH 1981-07-02
48 Coprosma menziesii Keahialaka leaning against Metrosideros in early stage succesional forest Preserved_Specimen shrub Takeuchi, W.N. 3561 Hawaii BISH 1987-02-01
49 Coprosma menziesii Located down Chain of Craters Road about 9 miles toward Kalapana from intersection with Crater Rim Road; or 6.4 miles from intersection with Hilina Pali Road Metrosideros - Dicranopteris transition community Preserved_Specimen Shrub about 1 foot tall Newell, C.L. 546 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-23
50 Coprosma menziesii within northern part of 1859 lava flow, Kona dry sparsely forested region Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 20171 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-25
51 Coprosma menziesii Puna Distr., Panau Nui Ahu. Tr 37(67); 2 km S. of benchmark 2893 on Volcano Hwy, S. Of Napau Crater wet `ohi`a forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory.; partial shade Preserved_Specimen scandent; to 2+ m. tall Stemmermann, R.L. 3811 Hawaii BISH 1979-06-02
52 Coprosma menziesii East of Kilauea Iki In scrub vegetation Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 30248 Hawaii BISH 1926-07-16
53 Coprosma menziesii District of South Kona. Manuka NAR, off trail above old State Park, outside Olopua unit Metrosideros mesic forest with Nestegis sandwicensis, Diospyros sandwicensis, Psydrax odorata, Pipturus, Pittosporum hosimeri, Polyscias hawaiiensis, Psidium cattlelanum, Mysine lessertiana, Urera glabra Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2 meter ht with immature fruit Perlman, S. 23191 Hawaii BISH 2012-12-19
54 Coprosma menziesii Kapua, along Govt. Road rough lava Preserved_Specimen Shrub. Ht. 2 m. MacDaniels, L.H. 259 Hawaii BISH 1926-11-16
55 Coprosma menziesii Southwest flank of Mauna Loa, in the ahupuaa of Puu Ohohia Vegetation: Semi-closed metrosideros and Acacia forest, understory Dodonaea, Styphelia, Vaccinium on cinder Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 6338 Hawaii BISH 1977-08-05
56 Coprosma menziesii kau aa lava Preserved_Specimen shrub or small tree 10-15ft. Rock, J.F.C. 25635 Hawaii BISH 1956-12-01
57 Coprosma menziesii Kona Coast, Kaumalumalu; above second gate on Bishop Estate land open Metrosideros scrub with Deschampsia, Gahnia, Luzula, Machaerina, Styphelia, Vaccinium, lichens Preserved_Specimen shrub with many +/- arcuate branches Herbst, D.R. 1685 Hawaii BISH 1970-07-06
58 Coprosma menziesii S.Kohala Distrcit. about 45 miles from Hilo, 2 miles from Saddle road, gulch near Puu Kanalopakanui Tree rooted on edge of gulch in pasture. Associasted with Myporum, Osteomeles, etc. Preserved_Specimen Height 15', basal diameter 12. Fruit orange. Davis, J. 621 Hawaii BISH 1981-10-16
59 Coprosma menziesii Kulani Project, South Hilo District, near powerline trail In understory of open canopy Metrosideros - Acacia koa forest growing with tall Styphelia shrubs. Preserved_Specimen Small tree 20' tall. Fruit red-orange in color. Cuddihy, L.W. 695 Hawaii BISH 1981-02-12
60 Coprosma menziesii North Kona, Puu Waawaa, Waihou area cinder cone Preserved_Specimen very viney shrub w/ monopodial stem & proliferation of intertwined branches, 2.5 m tall Warshauer, F.R. 5152 Hawaii BISH 2000-08-30
61 Coprosma menziesii Manuka Mauka on lava flow Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11313 Hawaii BISH 1931-12-25
62 Coprosma menziesii Kilauea Volcano Preserved_Specimen shrub 9 to 10 ft. Rock, J.F.C. 27026 Hawaii BISH 1953-02-08
63 Coprosma menziesii Ca 0.5 km E of intersection of Bobcat Trail and MPRC access road to Charlie Circle at ca. 0.2 km SE of intersection with Bobcat trail A'a flow from edge of a'a and pahoehoe substrates; Open metrosideros treeland with sparse shrub understory; moderately sloping; associates Metrosideros polymorpha, Dodonaea vicosa Preserved_Specimen Close, B. 9946 Hawaii BISH 1994-09-21
64 Coprosma menziesii Between Puuwaawaa & Huehue, rocky slope of Hualalai rocky slope Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 2222 Hawaii BISH 1926-08-24
65 Coprosma menziesii 2 miles S. of Pahoa, Kiahialaka Preserved_Specimen Tree, 20 ft. high St.John, H. 11234 Hawaii BISH 1931-12-21
66 Coprosma menziesii Volcanoes Natl. Park, Hilina Pali Road, near Pali Leie Preserved_Specimen climbing scrawling shrub with branches to 3 m; female flowers with exserted style Kiehn, M. 90081232 Hawaii BISH 1990-12-08
67 Coprosma menziesii Manuka mauka Preserved_Specimen 20 ft. slender bushy tree St.John, H. 11302 Hawaii BISH 1931-12-24
68 Coprosma menziesii Puna Preserved_Specimen Berries orange Forbes, C.N. 1049 Hawaii BISH 1915-07-07
69 Coprosma menziesii Volcanoes Natl. Park, Hilina Pali Road, near Pali Leie Preserved_Specimen climbing scrawling shrub with branches to 3 m; male flowers with exserted anthers Kiehn, M. 90081231 Hawaii BISH 1990-08-12
70 Coprosma menziesii just outside the S. Kona Forest Reserve at Hw. 11, near junction to Milonii [Milolii? Preserved_Specimen shrubs of ca. 3 m.; with slender branches; female plants with ripe fruits of bright red color Kiehn, M. 90081621 Hawaii BISH 1990-08-16
71 Coprosma menziesii Puna-upper end of Kalapana trail, Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 3000 Hawaii BISH 1959-01-01
72 Coprosma menziesii Puuwaawaa Preserved_Specimen female Forbes, C.N. 13 Hawaii BISH 1911-06-08
73 Coprosma menziesii Kanehaha, Kona Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 245 Hawaii BISH 1911-06-23
74 Coprosma menziesii South Kona Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17233 Hawaii BISH 1917-08-01
75 Coprosma menziesii Kahua, Kona Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 357 Hawaii BISH 1911-07-25
76 Coprosma menziesii Puna Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1049 Hawaii BISH 1915-07-07
77 Coprosma menziesii Between Waiakea & Olaa Forest Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 569 Hawaii BISH 1915-05-19
78 Coprosma menziesii North of Alika Flow Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 2225 Hawaii BISH 1926-08-26
79 Coprosma menziesii Below Kalapana trail Preserved_Specimen Berries red Stone, B.C. 2967 Hawaii BISH 1959-06-25
80 Coprosma menziesii Hualalai Preserved_Specimen male Rock, J.F.C. 3504 Hawaii BISH 1909-06-10
81 Coprosma menziesii Between Waiakea & Olaa forest Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 573 Hawaii BISH 1915-05-19
82 Coprosma menziesii Ainahou Ranch Boundary Preserved_Specimen Spreading or trailing shrub Olson, G.E. Hawaii BISH 1940-10-02
83 Coprosma menziesii Hilo Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Hawaii BISH
Back to Top